Medical specialities

There are cases that require more specific knowledge to be dealt with...

Audiology is a speciality dedicated to the study of various diseases of the ear. It seeks to prevent, treat and rehabilitate various hearing disorders. Some of the procedures it performs are screening audiometry and clinical audiometry, which allows people's hearing to be measured. Audiologists may recommend the use of hearing aids to help in cases of hearing loss.

Surgeons treat different diseases surgically, that is by intervening directly on the part of the body that is affected. This can be done with open surgery, which is by opening and exposing the affected part to work on it. Laparoscopic surgery is also used, which is through small incisions and using equipment to visualise the affected part. The latter is less invasive than open surgery. The surgeon works on different parts of the body, such as breasts, abdomen, glands and more. Part of the surgeon's evaluation is the assessment that the patient can and/or needs surgery. It is important to consult a surgeon when the condition you have can only be solved surgically. Examples include hernias, gall bladder problems, tumours and more. Before performing a procedure of this type it is important to have an assessment with the surgeon so that he/she can verify if the patient is a candidate for surgery and the treatment can be effective.

Specialities

Gastroenterology is the area of medicine that studies all the organs related to the digestive system and their proper functioning. It is important to visit a gastroenterologist in cases of reflux, colitis, irritable bowel and more. Also for screening or monitoring for gastric cancer. Some of the common procedures performed by the gastroenterologist are gastroscopies, colonoscopies, rectoscopies and gastric balloon, among others.

Orthopaedics is a speciality dedicated to the study of the musculoskeletal system. This system is made up of bones, joints, ligaments, tendons and muscles. Some of the conditions that the orthopaedist treats are deformities in the spine or bones, fractures, bursitis, joint pain, torn ligaments, fasciae and others. In cases where pain is chronic or permanent. When movements become restricted or limited. In case of fractures or broken bones, or when a blow or sprain has lasted more than 48 hours without improvement. Some of the procedures performed by the orthopaedist are surgeries, arthroscopies, ligament reconstructions, and more.

Gynaecology is the branch of medicine dedicated to the study of the female reproductive system, which includes the ovaries, uterus and vagina. The doctor accompanies the patient throughout her life, from the age of majority or when she begins sexual relations, pregnancy and menopause. Some of the pathologies they treat have to do with polycystic ovaries, endometriosis, fertility problems, different types of cancer, sexually transmitted diseases and more. It is important to go for an appointment once a woman's sexual life begins or if she suffers from very strong menstrual pains. From that moment on, it is important to go for a check-up as often as the doctor indicates, the minimum is once a year for routine examinations.

Aesthetic medicine is a branch of non-surgical medicine that uses various techniques to restore people to aesthetic health. It does this with treatments that are minimally invasive. Some of the conditions it treats are skin blemishes, acne spots, skin radiance and hair treatment. Some of the treatments performed are platelet rich plasma, botulinum toxin, hyaluronic acid fillers, facials, jowl reduction, plasma for hair loss and more. It is important to consult a specialist in aesthetic medicine when aesthetic improvement is desired and professional guidance is required. The aim is to improve your appearance in a minimally invasive way, i.e. without surgery.

General practitioners work with patients in a holistic manner, taking into account physical, mental and social aspects. The general practitioner provides the first level of medical care, providing outpatient diagnosis and treatment of various common ailments and recommending the appropriate specialist if necessary. Some of the conditions they treat include minor respiratory illnesses, sprains, chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes and asthma. They can help manage chronic conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes and more. They help treat injuries and bruises that require stitches and are not life-threatening.

Pulmonology is the area of medicine specialising in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the respiratory system, including the lungs and bronchi. A pulmonologist can help determine conditions such as bronchitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), shortness of breath and similar diseases. It is important to consult a pulmonologist when there is permanent shortness of breath. In addition to chest pain or very loud snoring. In cases of patients with asthma, allergies or chronic diseases affecting the respiratory system. Smokers who must monitor their respiratory system.

Nutrition is a speciality that studies the food, nutrition and dietetics of patients. It can help in the treatment of diseases such as diabetes, malnutrition, kidney failure, obesity and more. The specialist analyses the patient's eating habits, as well as the ailments that affect them and, based on this, recommends a diet that will help their state of health. He supports athletes, pregnant women and children, balancing the diet so that it provides the necessary nutrients. It is important to make an appointment with a nutritionist when you want to improve your eating habits. She can also provide guidance in cases of food intolerances or allergies.

Orthodontics is the branch of dentistry that seeks to correct problems of misalignment between the upper and lower jaw, as well as general misalignment of the teeth. These problems, if left untreated, can lead to chronic conditions such as headaches, wear and tear in certain parts of the mouth, and more. There is no exact age to see an orthodontist, it is very important when permanent dentition begins. They should also be seen when teeth are missing, when teeth are crowded or overlapping, or when chewing problems occur. In cases where children suck their thumbs, it is important for the orthodontist to check the alignment of the teeth and the bite.

Specialities

Dentistry is the area of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the jaw structure: teeth, gums, periodontal tissue, the upper jaw, the lower jaw and the temporomandibular joint. Typical conditions treated include caries and gingivitis. Treatments include dental cleaning, whitening, tooth extraction and more. It is important to visit the dentist at least twice a year for routine check-ups and deep cleaning. You should also visit in case of discomfort or pain in the gums or teeth.

Paediatrics is the branch specialising in the care of children, from birth to adolescence, observing the areas of neuro-psycho-motor and socio-educational development of the patient. This branch of medicine is responsible for treating healthy children in order to prevent and detect different ailments early on, as well as to treat diseases that may appear. Every child should be monitored by a paediatrician from birth. The specialist ensures that the child's development is correct and can support the parents at all stages. The paediatrician should also be consulted in case of illness or accidents in children. The doctor accompanies the child's development up to the age of 18.

Clinical psychology studies different factors that can affect the mental health of patients. The psychologist studies people's behaviour and the way they relate to each other, in order to facilitate their adaptation to the environment in which they develop. The specialist makes a diagnosis and evaluation of his patient, which allows him to define an intervention and treatment strategy. Visiting a psychologist can be very beneficial when going through a personal crisis, for example a serious problem or the death of a loved one. In cases where you have multiple negative emotions on a daily basis, e.g. insecurity, negative self-perception, low self-esteem and others that affect daily performance. Specialists can also help in cases of traumatic experiences.

Psychopedagogy is responsible for supporting people in their educational development. It helps with learning problems, and provides methods and tools that help people to enhance their abilities. In addition, it can help to evaluate and assess a student's difficulties, on the basis of which it can formulate work plans for their correct adaptation. They can also advise the family and the educational centre to coordinate efforts and facilitate learning. It is important to consult a psycho-pedagogue when there are difficulties in learning, writing and reading. In cases of behavioural problems at school or in other environments. When there are problems with attention, concentration or memory. Also when it is necessary to work on study techniques.

Radiology is a medical speciality that uses different means to generate images of the inside of the body. These images are used to diagnose and treat various conditions. Some of the instruments used are X-rays, mammograms, ultrasounds and MRIs. Radiologists are consulted when a diagnosis of the inside of the body is needed. X-rays, ultrasounds, mammograms and MRIs are reviewed by a radiology specialist and a report is issued to the referring physician. There are also imaging studies that are routinely performed on patients such as mammography, pelvic ultrasound, prostate ultrasound and more.

Rheumatology treats musculoskeletal diseases, that is muscles, bones, joints, tendons and ligaments that have not suffered a trauma or blow. It also helps in cases of autoimmune diseases such as arthritis, lupus and more. It is recommended to see a rheumatologist when suffering from persistent pain over time. Also in cases where a lifelong condition needs to be followed up.

Physical therapy studies the correct functioning of the human body, using various techniques manually or with instruments to help heal or adapt to people affected by dysfunctions in muscles, bones, joints, fascia, vascular elements, vessels and lymphatic structures and nerves. Also conditions caused by stress or accidents. Physiotherapy also has a preventive character, for people who practice sports. This speciality can help people with disabilities, fractures, temporary injuries caused by accidents, certain working conditions or surgical procedures such as surgeries.

Urology is the study of the urinary system, adrenal and retroperitoneal glands, and the male reproductive system. Some of the conditions treated are kidney stones and male sexual dysfunction. One of the procedures performed by the urologist is vasectomy. The urologist should be consulted when there are problems with urination, such as blood in the urine and recurrent bladder infections. After the age of forty, it is important for men to have an annual urological check-up to monitor for diseases such as prostate cancer.

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